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Why is sunscreen important? Q&A with Dr Rakesh Anand, Consultant Dermatologist

Dr Rakesh Anand is a leading Consultant Dermatologist with expertise in all aspects of Medical, Surgical and Cosmetic dermatology. Often praised for his sensitive, people-focused consultations, his passion is working with patients on their complete skin health and wellbeing.

Why is it important to wear sunscreen daily, even on cloudy or winter days?

It’s very dependent on your skin type and where you live in the world. However, 80% of UV rays can penetrate through clouds, which is why it’s best to wear sunscreen year-round, certainly if the UV index is over 3. Where the UV index is high, sunscreen can help in the prevention of skin cancer. Equally, year-round sunscreen use can help to prevent premature ageing. Aim to incorporate sunscreen into your daily routine and you’ll use it everyday.

How do UV rays affect the skin even when it's not sunny outside?

80% of UV rays can pass through clouds, which means that UV rays can penetrate the skin even when it’s not sunny outside. Moreover, sun exposure has a cumulative effect, damaging skin DNA and elevating the risk of skin cancers.

What are the differences between UVA and UVB rays, and how do they impact our skin?

UVA and UVB rays have different wavelengths. UVA penetrates deeper within the skin and can cause skin ageing, while UVB penetrates less, but can cause DNA damage and a risk of skin cancers.

What SPF level should people aim for in their daily sunscreen?

Anything over factor 30 is good, as this will block out 97% UVB radiation, and 98% with a factor 50. As many people don’t often apply enough sunscreen, I recommend a factor 50 to ensure sufficient coverage. Apply two finger lengths for your face and neck.

Should you wear SPF on aeroplanes?

There is high UV exposure at higher altitudes, so if you’re a frequent traveller and sitting next to the window, I’d suggest putting the window screen down, wearing sunscreen and covering up. Flight attendants tend to have a higher risk of skin cancers due to cumulative exposure.

Do we need SPF indoors?

This depends on the UV levels, skin type and the climate you’re in. UVA can pass through glass and cause damage to the skin, so if you’re sitting by a window, it would be sensible to wear sunscreen.

How often should sunscreen be reapplied during a typical day? Are there specific guidelines for reapplication when swimming or sweating?

Typically, if you’re on holiday and swimming or sweating, it’s best to reapply every 2 hours. In the UK, once a day is adequate in the colder winter months. In the summer, I’d suggest reapplying 2-3 times a day - this will very much depend on whether you are spending the day outdoors or indoors. You can certainly reapply sunscreen over your makeup later in the day.

How can someone effectively incorporate sunscreen into their skincare routine?

Make your sunscreen a regular step in your morning routine, and apply after completing your skincare - before your makeup. You might want to skip your moisturiser, as many sunscreens, including By Sarah Serene Daily SPF 50+ deeply hydrate and nourish the skin. I’m a big fan of a streamlined skincare routine and not over layering the skin with ten different steps! If your daily routine is easy, you’ll do it all the time.

Are there any ingredients people should be cautious of, especially those with sensitive skin?

Ingredients within sunscreens are highly researched and rigorously tested, and are reliable. I would personally avoid overly fragranced products and those that contain high levels of alcohol, as these can cause irritation. Some physical sunscreens can be better suited to sensitive skin types, however, chemical sunscreens are best tolerated by darker skin tones as they don’t leave a white cast. If you are sensitive to skincare products, you can patch test inside the elbow, and see how your skin reacts.

How can people ensure they are getting enough vitamin D if they are diligent about daily sunscreen use?

It’s important that people are aware that the skin can synthesise vitamin D while wearing sunscreen. If you’re looking for ways to increase your vitamin D levels, ensure you are enjoying adequate oily fish, eggs and mushrooms as part of a balanced diet. You may also benefit from vitamin D supplementation, particularly in the UK in the winter months, which can be taken as a spray or capsule.

By Sarah